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Studies in Pessimism, by Arthur Schopenhauer
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Unnatural way in which he lives, and the strain of work and emotion, lead to a degeneration of the race; and so his goal is not often reached. The brute is much more content with mere existence than man; the plant is wholly so; and man finds satisfaction in it just in proportion as he is dull and obtuse. Accordingly, the life of the brute carries less of sorrow with it, but also less of joy, when compared with the life of man; and while this may be traced, on the one side, to freedom from the torment of care and anxiety, it is also due to the fact that hope, in any real sense, is unknown to the brute. It is thus deprived of any share in that which gives us the most and best of our joys and pleasures, the mental anticipation of a happy future, and the inspiriting play of phantasy, both of which we owe to our power of imagination. If the brute is free from care, it is also, in this sense, without hope; in either case, because its consciousness is limited to the present moment.
- Sales Rank: #1237512 in Books
- Published on: 2016-01-16
- Original language: English
- Dimensions: 11.00" h x .19" w x 8.50" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 82 pages
From the Back Cover
A disciple of Kant and a significant factor in shaping Nietzsche's thinking, Arthur Schopenhauer worked from the foundation that reality is but an extension of our own will, and that human life is characterized chiefly by misery.
In this essay, translated by THOMAS BAILEY SAUNDERS (1860-1928) and first published in English in the 1890s, Schopenhauer offers his thoughts:
* on "the sufferings of the world," and why evil is positive * on "the vanity of existence," * on suicide * on immortality, and why it is less than desirable * on women, and why "they remain children their whole life long" * and more.
Students of philosophy and of 19th-century intellectualism will find this a fascinating read.
About the Author
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) elabore dans sa jeunesse un systeme philosophique dont il explore les consequences dans le domaine de la morale et de la religion. Il passe l essentiel de sa vie a son discours.
Most helpful customer reviews
21 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
A supreme pessimist
By magellan
I like Schopenhauer although his philosophy and metaphysics, which is called absolute voluntaristic idealism, hasn't faired that well in the last 100 years, although when I was in college 30 years ago he seemed to be popular among the students I knew who enjoyed reading philosophy.
There are several reasons why Schopenhauer's thought is still important. An idealist like Kant, he kept Kant's distinction between the noumenal and the phenomenal, between the mental and external representations of reality. Kant's defense of idealism, that some ideas or at least mental processes are innate, is still relevant in modern brain science and neurobiology and in Chomsky's theories in linguistics, especially in regard to Chomsky's ideas about language learning and acquisition, in which there is support from brain science for a built-in facility in humans for language, and possibly an innate syntactical generator component to language ability.
Although innate ideas probably don't exist in the way that Kant envisioned them, modern brain science has supported his theory that the mind or brain is actively involved in the organizing and structuring of the data from the senses, and that we couldn't make sense of reality if we didn't have inborn aptitudes and capabilities to do that.
Schopenhauer emphasized the importance of Eastern philosophy and the validity of its introspective methods, while maintaining his overall empirical approach. His moral and ethical philosophy is based on compassion rather than on practical and reasonable considerations like Kant's. He was probably the first important western philosopher to give credit to Zen and Buddhist thought, while remaining faithful to the empirical principles of science.
Outside of philosophy his thoughts have had a major impact on psychology and the arts. He was the most important influence on both Nietzsche and Wittgenstein, and he also had a great influence on Freud and Jung, and on writers and composers from Wagner to Tolstoy. During the 20th century, Schopenhauer's reputation faded and the importance of his work has been to a great extent overlooked, but recent books show that his importance is being rediscovered and reappraised.
I have a personal anecdote to recount. My college roommates and I used to read Schopenhauer at night to each other over a couple of beers, and we found his acerbic, trenchant style and sharp wit a delight to read, and this book is perhaps the best example of his prose in that regard. One Schopenhauer quote I still remember after 30 years is: "Intellect comes from the mother; character from the father," which might say a lot about his family life and how he grew up.
Schopenhauer is also famous for quotes such as:
"The two foes of human happiness are pain and boredom."
(from his Essays, Personality; or What a Man Is).
"I have long held the opinion that the amount of noise that anyone can bear undisturbed stands in inverse proportion to his mental capacity and therefore be regarded as pretty fair measure of it."
"To marry is to halve your rights and double your duties."
I have to include my favorite quote on marriage here, although it isn't Schopenhauer's, and I don't know where it came from, although it echoes his sentiments: "Marriage is the institution where the woman loses her the name and the man his solvency."
His dyspeptic view of life might have been fostered by his delicate digestive system. He would spend many minutes and even hours poring over the menu before ordering his food in the cafes where he usually dined, because a wrong choice "could send his nerves ringing for days," according to one comment I read about him. Whatever the source of his pessimism, Schopenhauer seemed almost embarrassed and ashamed to be in a human body, because he did not seem to find much good in humans or human society. No doubt he would have preferred to be a higher, more intelligent species than humans, if such exists somewhere else in the universe. But Schopenhauer didn't seem to think that intelligent life existed here. :-)
Whatever the current fate of his reputation, Schopenhauer was a uniquely gloomy intellect who contributed much to several areas of philosophy. And not the least of his virtues is that he was a true cynic and pessimist--surely the most accurate view of life, after all. :-)
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
An embarrassment
By Amazon Customer
This book is print-on-demand, and it was probably the lowest quality print job I've ever encountered. There are major formatting errors on virtually every page. There is no indentation for new paragraphs, which makes a challenging text extremely difficult to read. Beyond that, the formatting errors, coupled with the total lack of publishing information, makes it impossible to cite. If this is the quality of publishing we can expect from print-on-demand, I say we return to the monastic system and start copying books by hand.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A good baby step into Schopenhauer.
By SG
Well... Artie isn't going to win the women's vote... that much is clear. Still, there are interesting thoughts here, even in his essay on women.
I don't have any direct experience with Schopenhauer outside this work and know only what I was taught from Russell and, more especially, Durant. Given that, I can conclude, while the interested reader will find some good here, they will not find the genius of the man.
Still, I like short books, when they are deep, and this was very easy to digest in a few short sittings. I enjoyed it.
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